Advanced metabolic lipid testing

Inherited heart disease risks — many of which cannot be detected using traditional methods — can now be identified and treated. The following may be included in an advanced metabolic lipid profile:

Lp(a)

Lipoprotein (a) is an LDL particle with an abnormal protein called (a) attached.  Higher levels of lipoprotein(a) are associated with a three-fold increase in risk of developing coronary artery disease.

apoB

Apolipoprotein B is the major apolipoprotein associated with LDL.  Higher levels of plasma apo B may signify increased coronary disease risk even when LDL-cholesterol is not in the high-risk range. 

apo a1

Apolipoprotein a1 is a major apolipoprotein attached to HDL and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.  Lower levels of apo a1 have been reported in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Homocysteine

A metabolic byproduct of methionine metabolism, elevated levels are found in 20-30% of atherosclerosis patients and are associated with a 2-3 fold increase in coronary disease risk. Elevated levels are also associated with carotid atherosclerosis.

LDL particle size

Tests for LDL size distribution in seven LDL regions and classification as small LDL (pattern b) vs. large LDL (pattern a). LDL subclass pattern b reflects the presence of a predominantly small, dense LDL particle that is associated with a three-fold increased risk of coronary artery disease.